Abstract

The study investigated the impact of seasonal variations on the components of cow milk in Jalalabad City, Afghanistan. A total of 80 milk samples were collected from six different local points within the city from January to August 2023. The research spanned two distinct periods: winter (January-February-March) and summer (June-July-August). During the winter, cows were fed hay, while in the summer; they grazed on green grass in pastures. Analysis revealed significant differences in fat content and titratable acidity between the winter and summer periods, with both factors being significant at the p<0.05 level according to paired t-test results. The study concluded that seasonal variations significantly affected the protein content, total solids, fat, and titratable acidity, with significance levels of p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively.

Keywords

Pasture Green grass Hay Cow milk composition Cow milk Seasonal variation