Efficacy of Star Gooseberry ( Phyllanthus acidus L .) Feed Additive on the Performance of Broilers with Serum Biochemical Profile

A study was done to find out how star gooseberry ( Phyllanthus acidus L. ) Fruit juice affected commercial broiler live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass quality, and lipid profiles. A total of 210day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were divided into five dietary treatment groups. The collected data were analyzed by using ANOVA with SPSS version 25. These groups were T 0 (control diet), T 1 (5 ml/L in water), T 2 (7 ml/L in water), T 3 (9 ml/L in water), T 4 (11 ml/kg in feed), T 5 (13 ml/kg in feed), and T 6 (15 ml/kg in feed). The T 5 group consumed the most feed overall (2829.15±19.85 g), while the T 0 group consumed the least feed overall (2767.25±17.55 g). At 5 weeks of age, the T 5 group had the highest body weight (2193.33±15.18g), followed by the T 6 group (2146.00±17.51g), T 2 (2088.00±11.15g), T 1 (2031.33±20.12 g), and T 0 (1871.67± 13.02g), all in that order. The FCR was discovered to be lowest in T 5 (1.31) and greatest in T 0 (1.51), whereas the FCR of T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , and T 6 was 1.41, 1.38, 1.36, 1.35, and 1.32, respectively. The amount of star goose-berry juice has a big impact on the meat's quality. However, there were alterations that were significant (P <0.05) in the carcass weight, breast meat, drumstick meat, wing, shank weight, gizzard, head, liver, lung, skin, thigh bone, and drumstick bone. Only abdominal fat (P>0.05) was not significant. However, there were significant (P<0.05) changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL. According to the findings, star gooseberry juice can be utilized as a cost-efficient and effective natural feed addition at a rate of 13 ml per kilogram of feed to enhance the broiler chicken's overall performance.

phosphorus, 8 mg of the ascorbic acid, 0.01 mg of thiamine, and 0.05 mg of riboflavin.As reported by Layek et al. (2023), biochemical parameters included the following: total soluble solid (TSS) content of 5.75 0Brix, total sugar (2.5%), reducing sugar (1.29%), non-reducing sugar (1.21%), and vitamin C content of 4.89 mg per 100 g edible pulp.Inflammation, diabetes, asthma, bronchitis, cephalgia, opthalmopathy, colic, jaundice, emaciation, cardiac disorder, the intermittent fever, hepatopathy, haemorrhage, menorrhagia, and skin diseases are treated with the fruit of star gooseberry (Anjaria et al., 2002;Sharif et al., 2019).Tiwari et al. (2016) investigated the effects of the probiotic and herbal supplements on the features of commercial broiler growth and immunocompetence.In 2009, Ghavate et al. conducted an experiment to determine the impact of feeding broilers various amounts of star gooseberry on their ability to the perform well.Supplementation had a considerable impact on the broilers' body weight gain.Star gooseberry (Phyllanthus acidus) juice with a high antioxidant content lowers hepatic injury, purifies chemicals, and has an anti-inflammatory action that improves carcass quality, according to (Manikandan et al., 2017;Nguyen et al., 2017;Jain et al., 2010;Leeya et al., 2010).In order to assess the nutritional impact of star gooseberry juice as a feed additive on the performance of commercial broiler chickens and its cost-benefit analysis in broiler production, the current study was established.This research is based on the following objectives 1) To investigate the effect of star gooseberry fruit extract on the productive performance and the economic broiler production 2) To evaluate the serum biochemical lipid profile after treatment with star gooseberry 3) To determine the optimal star gooseberry fruit extract dosage for improving broiler performance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental site and duration
The experiment was conducted to ascertain the effects of supplementing with star gooseberry juice on the performance and meat yield traits of broilers (Cobb 500) during the summer season from October 20 to November 25, 2021, at the poultry farm of HSTU, Dinajpur.

Experimental birds
The 210day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) had been purchased for the experiment through local suppliers from the Kazi Farm hatchery.

Layout of the experiment
The chicks were randomly assigned to one of seven nutritional treatment groups (T 0 , T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 , and T 6 ), each of which consisted of three replications with ten birds each.The following are the treatments: T 0 = Control, T 1 = Control + 5ml star gooseberry juice/ litter water, T 2 = Control + 7ml star gooseberry juice/ litter in drinking water, T 3 = Control + 9ml star gooseberry juice/litter water, and T 4 = Control + 11ml star gooseberry juice/kg feed, T 5 = Control + 13ml star gooseberry juice/kg feed, and T 6 = Control + 15ml star gooseberry juice/kg feed.

Collection and preparation of Star gooseberry & feed
The HSTU Botanical Garden provided the star gooseberry fruit for collection.These were cleaned with clean water after collection to remove any dirt.The fruit of the star gooseberry was then ground into juice using a grinder machine.

Statistical analysis
According to the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) principles, data on feed consumption, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and hematobiochemical data were examined using SPSS version 25 software and the one-way ANOVA approach.Every result was shown as the mean SEM±, and the significance was determined at P<0.05.The Duncan test was used to compare the means of the treatment groups.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Performance of broiler of experimental birds
In this experiment, the effects of the different dietary doses of the Star Gooseberry juice on broilers' feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, live weight gain, bird mortality, the hemato-biochemical characteristics, cost effectiveness, heat stress, and carcass features were examined.The findings are presented in several tables and discussed in the sections below.

Body weight, feed intake and the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)
Table 1 provides information on average body weight at the end of five weeks, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (FCR).The results of the experiment showed that although there was the no significant difference in initial body weight (g/broiler) between the food groups, there was a significant difference in final body weight (g/broiler) and body weight gain (P<0.05).The 5 th week of age saw the highest feed intake in the T 5 group and the lowest in the T 0 group, whereas the fifth week saw the highest FCR in the T 0 group and the lowest in the T 5 group, according to Table 1.The findings of the present study's feed intake were similar to those of ( Where, T 0 = Control, T 1 = Control + 5ml star gooseberry juice / litter water, T 2 = Control + 7ml star gooseberry juice / litter in drinking water, T 3 = Control + 9ml star gooseberry juice /litter water, & T 4 = Control + 11ml star gooseberry juice /kg feed, T 5 = Control +13ml star gooseberry juice /kg feed & T 6 = Control +15ml star gooseberry juice /kg feed.

Effect of star gooseberry carcass quality of Broiler
The tabulated results show that star gooseberry juice levels significantly influenced the qualities of the meat.However, there were changes in carcass weight, breast meat, drumstick meat, wings, shank weight, gizzard, head, liver, lung, skin, thigh bone, and drumstick bone that were significant (P<0.05).Only abdominal fat was nonsignificant (P>0.05).Our findings demonstrated that supplementing with Star Gooseberry juice at a dose of the 13 ml considerably (P<0.05)increased dressing percentage.The results were in contradiction to the findings of Mukhtar et al. (2012), who noticed no significant differences between all the treatments regarding carcass dressing percentages in response to the dietary citrus feed.Also, the results of substituting sweet orange fruit peel with maize up to 20% level had no negative impact on the growth traits and carcass quality in the broilers (

Impact of Star Gooseberry Serum biochemical properties in broiler
The influence of Star Gooseberry on broilers' lipid profiles is seen in Table 3.However, there were changes that were significant (P<0.05) in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL.The treatment group T 0 had the greatest level of cholesterol (mg/dl), and the treatment group T 6 had the lowest level, both significantly (P<0.05).The dietary treatment group's HDL (mg/dl) levels were substantially higher (P <0.05) in treatment group T 6 and lower (P <0.05) in treatment group T 0 .The dietary treatment group's LDL (mg/dl) levels were substantially higher (P<0.05) in treatment group T 0 and lower (P<0.05) in treatment group T

Cost-effectiveness of broiler production
Star Gooseberry Juice's effect on the broiler's profit margin was evident from the amount that was employed in the diet.

CONCLUSION:
The experiment's findings showed that using star gooseberry juice as a feed supplement improved the feed intake, average body weight gain, feed conver-sion ratio, and yielded better gross profits in the production of commercial broilers.Feeding broiler chickens with star gooseberry at a rate of 13 ml per kg of feed produced the highest production results in terms of body weight gain and feed conversion ratio among the various treatment groups, which in turn generated financial gains.As a result, the consumption of star gooseberry juice may have significant effects on commercial broiler production.

Table 1 :
(Patil et al., 2012;Shivaji, 2012;officinalis may haveGaikwad et al., 2016;Mandal et al., 2017)plain the increased body weights seen in the star gooseberrysupplemented groups(Mcdowell, 1989).Due to the addition of star gooseberry juice to the base meal, the feed conversion ratio of the broiler chickens steadily increased in the comparison to the control group, indicating efficient feed use by lowering stress.In broiler chicks, similar findings were reached by(Patil et al., 2012;Shivaji, 2012; Kumar et al., 2013;Gaikwad et al., 2016;Mandal et al., 2017).Body weight, feed intake and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR).

Table 3 :
Serum biochemical properties in broiler.

Table 4 :
Economics of broiler production kept different treatment groups from day old chick to 35 days of age.