Impact of Mass Media to Creates Awareness among the Poor Parents against Child Labor

Child labor is a widespread phenomenon. It is globally known to be an aspect of child abuse. The present study discussed the impact of mass media to create awareness among poor parents against child labor. For this purpose, data were collected from parents of a child laborer, child laborer, and employers who recruited child labor from Cumilla districts. The findings revealed that male adolescents have been involved as child laborers compared to female adolescents. Downcast literacy rate observed of the parents of the child laborer. Sample characteristics indicated that child laborer belongs to a large family. Also, the study observed that the dropout rate is high for working children. Two of the greatest usual reasons for the kiddies to reasoning the job were poorness and careless outlook unto study as reported. The finding of that study will help our parents to be more conscious of their kids.


INTRODUCTION:
Concerns over the adverse effect of child labor are gradually increasing particularly from the commencement of the twentieth centenary. Now a day's infant fatigue is not considered an isolated issue but a thickened segment of national-international efforts for economic and social development. The Media has been ever used as an efficient cause of overthrowing consciousness in the masses. The Media has the force to touch close to all. Many communal scientists confide that mass media replay is necessary if patent attention for children's realism is to stay on the political procession, and if children safeguard worship are to keep responsible (Goddard & Saunders, 2001). According to the International Labor Office (ILO) children work the longer times and are the scalp paid of all laborers (Bequele and Boyden 1988). Bangla-desh is an extremely replenished country in the world. It has 1, 44,498 square kilometers in total area and more than 140 million populations (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2011).
The people of Bangladesh, nearly 47% are beneath 16 years and 17% of the people are underneath 5 years of age. Child labor continues to be a fact in almost all parts of Bangladesh. A report from the UNESCO Institute of statistics on the Child labor situation in Bangladesh in 2016 explained that 4.3 percent of child labor (Age 5-14) exists in the performing population (1,326,411) and combining employment and institute 1.9 percent respectively. According to National Child Labor Elimination Policy 2010; objective three societies about the pernicious consequences of child labor; and objective two also stated that-'Involving guardians of pursuit children in income-generating activities with a view of getting children out of the vicious circle of poverty".
Although the number of adolescent working throughout the realm is unknown, it is immensely large indeed and unquestionably in the hundreds of lakh. The extinct National Child Labor Survey report revealed that 1.2 million kiddies are only entangling in its scalp forms. Understanding media effects, and how to exercise the media constructively, can so be a necessary instrument for who solicitor for child, young people, and their families (Brawley 1995). The International Labor Organization's (ILO) Minimal Age Convention 138 narrated that a child of age 12 was accepted to futile labor in non-hazardous condition and a child of age 15 was accepted to drive the workforce (Schmitz et al., 2004). Its definition also explained that child labor is working that direction to deposition of childhood actions, occlusion, and misuse (UNICEF, 2010). Sub-Saharan Africa had the maximum span worth of child labor in 2010; with various African nations vouch for above 50% of kiddies old 5-14 pursuit (UNICEF, 2012). The basic root of child labor is poorness and absence of schools (ILO, United Nations, 2008). Different former research found that penury forces parents to repose their kiddies afar from school but main them to enter into the work (Jensen & Nielsen, 1997). More than 5% of the world's performing children are in Bangladesh (The Daily Star, 2011). Child laborer was 1.15 million in peasant areas and 0.29 million in civic areas and 0.25 million in City Corporation areas (NCLS, 2013; Sultana, 2020).
Government parties should ken the right of the children to be safe from monetary occlusion and from execution any employment that is apparently to be perilous or to trespass with the child's lesson, or could be worse for the child's corporal, psychic, or social progress (Paul, 2008). International Labor Organization (ILO) has been working for elimination of child labor in Bangladesh since 1994. There has been very limited research conducted about the media on human rights issues. This research aims to explore the preamble of mass media to creating awareness within unprivileged guardians versus child labor. All the output is made by using different software such as SPSS 20.0 and Ms. Excel (Hossain et al., 2020).

Study area
The study was selected in Cumilla city as a study area. There are numerous factories, industries, garments, transports companies, restaurants, street hawkers, CNG conversion stations, bus terminals, railway stations, water port, street shops, and street food shops as well domestic child workers living here.

Study population
There are many districts' poor and marginal people living in Cumilla city. Poor parents, child laborer were included as the study population.

Sampling Method and data collection techniques
The sampling method was a convenience sampling in this study. Though it is less reliable, this method was conducted because for low cost and less time. We also were dispossessed of a perfect sampling frame. Also in a qualitative study what we have as a segment in our study, often it was not feasible to use probability sampling. So, our sample in this survey consists of respondents living in freely accessible locales and who were willing to respond. The data collection technique is interview, specially structured interview. The final data collection tool, a semi-structured questionnaire with close-ended questions, was developed phase by phase. At first, a primary questionnaire was developed based on the literature to understand the research. Finally, the questionnaire was modified and finalized for data collection in the field.

Data analysis
Data were analyzed by using qualitative manner (reasoning, thematic analysis, narrative, and verbatim), and survey information was analyzed by using simple and inferential statistical tools (Mean, Frequency distribution, Median, Standard Deviation, correlation) through SPSS software. Respondent's opinion also is included in this work. Different marginal computations such as frequency distribution, pie charts, bar diagrams are used to display the graphical scenario at a glance.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
It is observed from          Parents concern about "Child labor Act." According to Fig 2, it is observed that most parents consider television as a mass media. Some are consider print media, cinema, radio, internet, mobile phone, billboard as mass media. It is observed from the table that maximum parents consider television as the media in our study. Table 4 reveals that most parents (58.89) are disagree that media plays a significant preamble to generate social awareness, 16.67% are neutral. Maximum parents are involved in job therefore they no longer have time to watch the role of media and also, they are illiterate . Fig 3; found that most respondents think that mass media can play a significant role to stop child labor and rarely parents don't think so. Also, the media has arrived in the rural areas.
According to Table 5, it is observed that maximum guardians are neutral that the role of the media in stopping child labor is satisfactory. Some parents are not satisfied with the current role of media. The study explored that maximum parents are slightly agree that the role of media in stopping child labor is satisfactory. It can be noticed that most parents watched the Bangladeshi movie channel. However, most social awareness programs are mainly broadcast on the government channels (

CONCLUSION:
The study was drawn the following findings that from both our preliminary result and the result from our model in achieving our objectives; Male children are mostly engaged in child labor than female children in our study. It is observed that most working children's age lies between 12-17 years. It is explored that, most fathers doing small businesses such as they are hawkers; they have small shops. Some are farmers, daily workers and some are unoccupied. It is explored that the maximum number of father's income is very poor. It is very difficult to meet their initial needs with this income. Study also found that big family, uneducated parents are also the reasons for child labor. It has been found that most of the poor parents in Bangladesh are not aware of the "child labor act" in Bangladesh. It is found that most parents are slightly agree that media plays a significant role to raise social awareness.

Recommendation
 Awareness needs to be raised and parents should focus on educating their children.  Child Labor act should be strictly enforced.  Whenever a child labor issue arises the media can provide coverage.  Establish a dedicated media association for the boycott of child labor.  Sensitize specific groups to the risks of child labor.  Embolden the government to address the causes of child labor.  Create greater public awareness to the risks of child labor.  Encourage NGOs working in child labor to specific actions.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
This project was supported by Comilla University, Bangladesh Research Grant for FY (2019-20), on ''Impact of Mass Media to Creates Awareness among the Poor Parents against Child Labor" and provided to Md. Farhad Hossain.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS:
The author declared no conflicts of interest concerning the present research work.