Impact of Social Networking Sites on Interpersonal Relationship among Teenager: A Sociological Analysis in the District of Bagerhat

Social Networking Sites are clearly becoming a reliable and chosen form of Communication. At present, the usage of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) amongst teenager students has increased and the usage of SNS has extensive influence on these students in numerous ways, particularly on their interpersonal relationships. The present study is placed in this context to examine the influence of SNS on interpersonal relationships of the teenager and also find out the purpose of use, benefit, as well as danger associated with SNS among the college student. In this study Students completed a questionnaire that is use of SNSs from Khalilur Rahman Degree College, Shahed Hemayet Uddin Girl’s High School and Wajed Memorial Secondary School at Mollahat Upazila for generating primary data; It was found that the usage of SNS has effect on interpersonal relationships of a teenager, particularly with their members of family and friends. It was also found that how much average time they spend on SNSs, what kind of change has been occurred in their face to face relationship. The study also tries to find out the benefit and danger associated with SNSs among teenagers. The study found that, although the SNSs have helped improve relationships among teenagers as friends, they have also made some negative effect such waste their time, increase crime and immoral act and increase their monthly expenditure among. It provides an outlook for investigating the technological implications on society in the domain of sociology.


INTRODUCTION
Online Social networks have gained tremendous popularity among people all around the world, especially teenagers. The use of SNSs has become a popular and integral part of everyday communication in teenager life of Bangladesh. New developments in the technological world have made the internet an innovative way for individuals and families to communicate. People use social network sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube to create and sustain relationships with others. This SNSs let those who use them create personal profiles while connecting with other users of the sites. SNSs also help teenager people to develop their friendship. Users can upload photographs, post what they are doing at any given time, and send personal or public messages to whomever they choose. In this "information age," social networking sites seem to be growing in popularity rapidly, especially among teenager. In particular, college students form a large proportion of users on social media networks. Many of these young adults use social media networks to communicate with family, friends, and even strangers. According to Zeng (2013), a good plan to promote marketing is by utilizing social media to sell tourism goods. Moreover, search engines have become another essential tool because there is too much information on the Internet (Xiang and Gretzel, 2010).
Social networks play a major role in building, maintaining or even reviving relationships and improving teenagers learning skills. In this research we focused mainly on the impact of SNSs on teenager especially in college and school student and how SNSs change their relationship pattern. In most third world countries use of the internet has been made even more accessible by mobile phones. Today people are using the internet mostly to interact on social media, they chat, message, share photos and stay in touch with friends and relatives worldwide. SNSs such as Friendster, World, Face book and Myspace allow individuals to present themselves, articulate their social networks, and establish or maintain connections with others. SNSs allow users to share ideas, pictures, posts, activities, events, and interests with people in their network. Face book members can also join virtual groups based on common interests, see what classes they have in common, and learn each other's' hobbies, interests, musical tastes, and romantic relationship status through the profiles (Ellison et al., 2007). Teens mostly use the Internet for entertainment and for communicating with friends and family. They have been popular since the year 2002 and have attracted and fascinated tens of millions of Internet users (Boyd and Ellison, 2007).
The nature of relationships will be examined for the effect of SNSs on the quality and the pattern of the relationship. Youths use technology to keep in touch with friends, mediate romantic relationships, organize into social groups, support each other, and develop their own identities (Ito et al. 2010). The Usages of SNSs brought a lot of change among on interpersonal relationships teenagers and their family and friends. Social media refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create the share, exchange and comment contents among themselves in virtual communities and networks (Shahjahan A.T.M and Kutub Uddin Chisty, 2014). Social networking tools like Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, and Blogs have facilitated the creation and exchange of ideas so quickly and widely than the conventional media. Bangladesh Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (BTRC) statistics show that the country currently has around 70,000,000 mobile phone subscribers. Bangladesh is also feeling the heat of online SNSs (Thawhidul, 2008).
Online social networking has become globally growing phenomena over the last decade (Nasrin Akter, 2014). It is a known fact that young adults and teenagers are the most avid users of SNSs which have a great impact on their lives. The most popular activities done by students and users on SNSs revolve around looking at profiles of one another, searching for someone here and there, updating one 's own profile, and eavesdropping. According to Vitak (2008), there are various reasons as to why individuals use SNSs. The main reason is for them to meet strangers and become friends. The majority of respondents of her research paper (57%) said that they were initially introduced to those "friends" through mutual friends, which increased the likelihood of such relationships developing into strong ties. Folorunso (2010) conducted a survey among students of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta in Nigeria and tested the attributes of Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory towards usage pattern of SNSs. Bicen and Cavus (2010) evaluated the usage of SNSs among students in the department of computer education instructional technology and found which SNSs are the most preferred by students. Won Kim and Sang-Won Lee (2009) rightly pointed out that today the college students use numerous SNSs, to stay connected with their friends, discover new "friends" and to share users created contents, such as photos, videos, blogs and etc. Tiffany et al. (2008) millions of contemporary young adults use social networking study, 92 undergraduates completed a diary-like measure each day for a week, reporting daily time use and responding to an activities checklist to assess their use of the popular SNS, Facebook. Geetanjali Naidu & Sunil Agrawal (2013) in today's scenario social media became a very useful tool in buying behavior decision making. It is influencing customer/consumer in a dynamic manner. According to Berlinger (2000) virtual life experiences can blind us the importance of human contact we need for our physical, psychological and social wellbeing. Kruat et al. (2002) found that frequent use of SNSs would result in a social circle declination. Mecheel (2010), identifies the impact of the social networking on social relations. Shim Young-Soo (2007) identifies the impact of the Internet on the face to face communication of teenagers. Al-Otaibi (2008) aimed to identify the impact of Facebook on the university's students of Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of the use of Facebook among the universities students of Saudi Arabia amounted to 77%. The major objectives of the study are to know the purpose of usages of social networking site by the college students, to dig out the changes of interpersonal relationship pattern through social network site among teenagers, to determine benefits of using SNSs, and to identify the danger associated with SNSs.

Rational of the Study
The study looks at the impact of SNSs on interpersonal relationships among teenagers, its findings will be relevant because they will inform parents, teachers, students and all the relevant stakeholders on the impact of SNSs on the interpersonal relations among teenagers. The result of this study will make the students who in this study are being referred to as teenagers, to be aware of how SNSs influence their interpersonal relations. It will also help their teachers by suggesting some ways in order for them to relate to student's social activities especially with regards of using social networking sites. The parents will be helped to understand their children's purpose to using social networking sites and for them to be aware of the influence of social networking sites that might affect their children. Finally, this study will help further studies of future researchers regarding the influence of social networking sites on the interpersonal relationship of students.
(b) SNSs -The full meaning of SNSs is Social Networking Sites.
(c) Social Networking Sites -Social networking site is a web site that is designed to help people communicate and share information, photographs, etc. with a group.
(d) Social Media -Social Media refers to the means of interaction among people in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks.
(e) Interpersonal Relationship -A bond between two or more people refers to an interpersonal relationship. An interpersonal relationship is a strong, deep or close association between two or more people that may range in duration from brief to enduring.

Limitations of the Study -
This study is only limited to and within the reach of all those in the sample population who have access to the internet. It will also only cover students in boarding secondary schools because most of these students are from urban areas and they are familiar with SNSs. These limitations are due to the limited time schedule.

Theoretical Frameworks
There are several theories that should be introduced in this paper for they are strongly related to the content which can help explain the users' behaviors. The theories are Technology Determinism, Social Penetration, and Uses and Gratification.

Technology Determinism -Technological
Determinism is the beliefs by Thorstein Veblen (2010) that technology determines social and cultural changes (history), and that it is the key governing force in society. Technological Determinism Theory explained how technology advances impacts every aspects of society including methods of communication. The five key beliefs of Technological Determinism pointed out by WaratKaruchit, 2013. As stated by Marshall McLuhan, the Canadian literary scholar during 1960s, it is the medium that shapes and controls the scale and form of human association and action (WaratKaruchit, 2013). He proclaimed that media is an extension of man, extending a man's vision, hearing and touch through time and space.

Social
Penetration -Social Penetration theory was made to describe the development of interpersonal relationships that refers to the interchange process of UniversePG l www.universepg.com behaviors between two or more parties who are in the process of developing a relationship. Facebook, for example, users are able to set their privacy level (McCarthy, 2009). People are more likely to disclose more personal information on SNSs than they would in face to face communication because the level of control is higher (Ledbetter et al., 2011).

Uses and Gratifications -
In order to understand the motivation and the purpose of Social Networking usage, Uses, and Gratifications Theory (UGT) was being examined. The Four basic needs of UGT: Information, Entertainment, Personal Identity, and Personal Relationship and Social Interaction. Since there are Facebook pages to subscribe, and it is practically online twenty-four hours a day, users receive information from their preferred sources i.e. news, fun facts, up-coming events, etc (WaratKaruchit, 2013).

Network Society -The Spanish sociologist
Manuel Castells created one of the most ambitious macro theories of our time, which endeavors to explain and interpret power, economy, and social life in a world transformed by globalization and informatization. Through Castells, theory Researcher can understand that Information and communication Technologies changing the structure of our society and also change our communication pattern, relationship pattern.

METHODOLOGIES
The Chapter covers the unit of the study such as the main method applied in the study, data collection process, sampling and data validation are discussed in this chapter. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principals associated with a branch of knowledge.

Method of the Study -
This study was used both quantitative and qualitative data. The aim of using both methods that "bring together the different capability and non-overlapping weaknesses of quantitative methods with those of qualitative methods" (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2007;Johnson and Onwuegbuzie, 2004;Kelle, 2006). Using survey research method, both quantitative and qualitative data will be collected from teenagers who are studying in Wajed Memorial Model School, Shahed Hemayet Uddin Secondary Girls High School and Khalilur Rahaman Degree College at Mollahat Upazila in Bagerhat District. Generally, we will use the Survey Method as well as prepared Questionnaires.

Study Area -
The study area will include Mollahat Upazila in Bagerhat District.

Unit of Analysis -
The unit of analysis is the major entity that is being analyzed in a study. It is the 'what' or who that is being studied. In social science research, typical units of analysis include individual, groups, social organization and social artifacts. Here we will discuss the SNSs and its impact on the interpersonal relationship among teenagers.

The Population of the Study -Now we are
identifying the target population, the group of people that we want to draw a conclusion about once the research study is finished. Identifying the target population requires specifying the criteria that determine which individuals are included and which individuals are not included.

Sampling Procedure and Sample
Size -Sampling technique was used for choosing a sub-group from the population to participate in the study. Probability sampling method has been utilized to develop a suitable sample size. With a view to choosing a representative a sample, simple random sampling method has been employed. So, the researcher conducted this research, especially purposive sampling.
3.6 Sources of Data -For the research purpose, we will use secondary data from the various journal, newspapers, conducted research as well as primary data from direct interview and survey method.

Study
Instrument -Questionnaire was used as the main data collection instrument for this study. For collecting the necessary information, a semi-structured questionnaire with a series of the close-and openended question was used.

The Technique of Data Collection -
The data collection technique for this study was a survey which is the most widely used data-gathering technique in Sociology. It is particularly strong when the answers UniversePG l www.universepg.com respondents give to questions measure variables. Instead of a face-to-Face survey, the self-administrated questionnaire was considered more convenient for this study. Questionnaire both structure and semi-structure, open-ended and close-ended question are used.

3.9
Techniques of Data Processing -Since the collected data in itself does not contain meaning, the act of data processing and analysis has the objectives of bringing meaning to the data and displays it to the reader. Firstly, the data has been edited and then has been coded and tabulated. At last all data were input into computer through software of Social Research SPSS.

Analysis and Interpretation of Data -
Analysis of data is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, suggesting conclusion and supporting decision making. We used the mixed variety of data analysis. Some statistical techniques and procedure, charts such as pie chart, bar diagram, tables in terms of data analysis has been used.

Data Validation -Data collected in this research
through the social survey is compared to the views given by the respondents. Moreover, relevant research findings on the impact of SNSs on the interpersonal relationship among teenager are also examined to find the relevance of the data gathered in the research.

Ethical
Consideration -Ethical issues are very important for doing social research. The researcher has tried her level best to maintain the values, norms, and ethics of the research.
In this research work, respondents' rights to privacy and confidentiality have been kept secure. No attempts were made to force respondents to do or tell anything unwilling or to harm them.

4.1
Socio-economic and Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents.           The study finds out how the respondents got access to their favorite social networking site. Most of the respondents 88.6% use Android mobile phones rather than they use Laptop.   The study went to find out those SNSs affect speak and writing the style of the respondents. Here 80% of respondents said that SNSs affect or change their writing and speaking style on the other hand 20% said that SNSs don't affect them.

SNSs and Interpersonal Relationship.
The Research illustrates that the majority of teenagers (45.7%) are like chatting online. Respondents also like downloading video, watching movie and drama, reading News and many other activities through SNSs sites. Table 9: Average time spends in online every day.  The respondent was asked how much time they spend on social networking sites. The study shows that (54.3%) are spending time in online 2 hours, (14.3%) 3 and 4 hours, (17.1%) 5 hours.  respondents said SNSs affect their relationship and most of them are given the positive answer that SNSs are helping to communicate with friends and family member more than before. It also helps to strengthen relation with friends and family member.     The study digs out that 37.1% strongly agreed and 54.3% agreed they found it easier to keep in touch with friends online than offline. Only 8.6% is said that it is not easy to keep in touch with friends online.       All the respondents said that SNSs are an easy way to express the opinion of any comments.             Most of the respondents use SNSs through buy internet package that increases their expenditure, 88.6% are mentioned it and 11.4% their expenditure is not changed.

CONCLUSIONS
The study set to examine that SNSs have created a phenomenon over the past decade. Facebook and Youtube have emerged as the most popular websites and have continued to grow in popularity. These websites create new ways of communication and set a new way of relationships with friends and family and also influence an individual's self-concept. SNSs also offer new and innovative ways to communicate with other individuals in a quick manner. Computermediated communication provides individuals with easier and faster ways of communication. In addition, individuals are using social media websites at increasing rates and visiting them quite frequently. This study makes an important contribution to understanding college and school student's use of SNSs and its effect on communication and their interpersonal relationships. SNSs had various impacts on the interpersonal relationships of the teenagers both online and offline. For instance, some of them would rather chat with an online friend than stage a face to face talk, this is because face to face may inhibit the teenagers from expressing themselves openly especially to members of the opposite sex. The study also concludes that, although the SNSs have helped improve relationships among close teenagers as friends. The research showed that teenagers have become addicted to SNSs. The usage of SNS brought lots of changes in interpersonal relationships between these students and members of the family and it also helped students to have more communication with their family members. To build and maintain a relationship, it is a process of communicating and the level of revelation of personal thoughts and feelings. Bad communication is one of the major factors that harm interpersonal relationships.