The Five Major Personality Factors among Yemeni University Students

.


INTRODUCTION:
After the great interest that psychology witnessed in studying the moods and their personal traits of individuals, many psychological models and theories have started to the emerge, reducing human psychological structure and interpretation in light of a set of psychological factors.Such theories and models include Raymond Cattel's sixteen factors theory, Eysenck's triple paradigm (neuroticism, psychosis, extraversion) and finally, Costa and McCrae's, (1992) The Five Factors Model which includes (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and kindness).One of the most important and most recent models interpreting personality traits is the five major factors of personality.It is a comprehensive one, the concerned with describing and classifying many terms or vocabulary that describe personality traits in which individuals differ (Saucier, 2002).It aims to bring together the traits scattering in basic categories, and it is such categories, whatever we add to and delete from them, that maintain their existence as categories or factors, indispensible in describing the human personality.In other words, this model aims to search for a strict classification of the personality traits (Kazem, 2002).Though scholars have used various concepts to identify personality big five factors, the neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness are the most frequently used ones neuroticism includes features like the anxiety, insecurity, self-doubt and unrest extra-version involves social belonging, conversing, the commitment, vitality, social intelligence and the self-reliance agreeableness element Covers tolerance, flexibility, successful relations with individuals and cooperation with others as for openness for the experience, it is characterized by creativity, imagination, curiosity, interest, willingness to face challenges and intellectual richness conscientiousness is a dimension characterized by the honesty, organization, unified mindset, accountability, seriousness and desire to accomplish goals (Fayombo, 2010).

The Five Major Factors Model Components
The model of the five major factors of personality is a hierarchical structure of the personality traits.The five factors represent the highest order, and personality represents at a higher level of abstraction, and every binary factor such as the "extraversion versus introversion".Under each factor is a set of more specific traits (Gosling et al., 2003).The definition of factors is provided hereunder:

Neuroticism
Costa and McCrae describe the nervous person as someone with high experiences of the anger, disgust, sadness, confusion, and negative emotions (Costa & McCrae, 1995).The researcher is of the view that neuroticism is a set of personal traits whose owners tend to lack balance, have negative thoughts, intense emotion, tension, weak control of their motives and an inability to handle pressure.

Extraversion
This is a binary factor that can be called (extroversionintroversion).An extrovert person is characterized as a social person who loves mingling with others, adapts to external standards, directs his interests out of the self, loves to work with others and respects traditions and authority.He greatly needs privacy and tends to be theoretical and intellectual (De Raad, 2000).

Openness to Experience
This factor includes many traits such as imagination and mental openness, the power of insight and the multitude of interests and tolerance (Zhang, 2006).They are willing to look at original, original ideas and values (Bruck & Allen 2003).He states that the factor of openness to experience includes the diligent pursuit & admiration of new experiences, intelligence, openness, creativity, belief in a fair world, the mental exhaustion, the need for diversity, aesthetic sensitivity, values of anarchism, openness to others' feelings and emotional experiences (Haridy & Shawky, 2002).

Agreeableness
This factor is most closely related to personal relationships.According to the Hogan, (1983) agreeableness enables an individual to face the problems & pressures of life.This trait reflects individual differences in general interest in achieving social harmony.Those who such attributes are characterized by tolerance, trust, good character, cooperation and agreeableness so that they respect and value others (Zhang, 2006).

Conscientiousness
A balanced person is able to create the people with focused interests, without making them relax every now and then to enjoy life (Al-Saleem, 2006).The researcher is of the view that conscientiousness is a set of personal traits of successful people through planning, purposeful insistence, avoiding problems, trust, organization and perseverance, with goal-oriented behavior.

Review of Literature
Mohaisen, (2013) aimed at Verification the psychometrical characteristics of the big-five factors elements (Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to the Experience).The author used the descriptive analysis method to analyze data.The sample of the study consisted of (277) male and (371) female students of Palestinian University, thus, the results of the analytical factorial indicated to pick up the big-five factors of the personality (Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to the Experience).Shaqfa, (2011) aimed at revealing the levels of political trends, political belonging and big-five factors of personality and its correlation with the Palestinian youth.The sample of the study consisted of (400) University students in Gaza.The results indicated that there existed differences between the group of male and that of females in the big-five factors (openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) on the benefit of females.There no existed any differences between the average of groups of males & females in the factors (neuroticism and extraversion); while there were differences in the factors of the extraversion, conscientiousness, & openness to experience) based on the level of the study.Qarout, (2007) aimed at identifying the nature of the satisfaction with life and some personality traits, differences in the life traits of the study sample and differences in high and low of satisfaction in some personality traits.The sample of the study consisted of (480) male and female students of Om Al-Qura University, Mecca.The study revealed that there existed a statistical, correlative and positive relationship satisfaction with life & agreeable-ness and conscientiousness while the correlation was weak with openness to the experience.The results of the study indicated that there was a statistical negative relationship between satisfaction with life and neuroticism.The study showed also that there was no statistical relationship in the average of the marks that female students got on the factors of (extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, & conscientiousness) due to the differences of the specializations while the differences were showed in neuroticism.

The Statement of the Study
Despite the conditions experienced by Yemeni university students as part of the members of this society exposed to daily suffering, coupled with the pressures imposed on them by universities life, students are continuing their studies, performing their duties well.This means there are multiple psychological factors playing an important role for university students to continue their studies even under such the difficult conditions believes that human personality consists of bond of values or the attributes which is used to describe the subject of the study according to dimensions or the variables.The great five factors of the personality are the most effective factors in evaluating the personality (Abu Ghazaleh, 2009).Based on the above, and based on the role psychologists in serving the community and human potential, in addition to the changes and the conditions that our Yemeni society is going through which undoubtedly reflected on its various social groups in general & youth in particular, and the importance of the five major personality factors the scarcity of Arab studies that dealt with personality factors the researcher tries "To identify the most common five major factors of personality among Yemeni universities' students".

The Importance of the Study
The study deals with an under-researched topic in the local community.This is an attempt to identify the five major factors of personality in light of the difficult life pressures experienced by University students in light of the current situation of war and suffering.It is important to address such a vital category of individuals because of its active role in community service.The findings of the current study will help us identify Yemeni University students' basic personal traits for the betterment of academic counseling and guidance programs which aim at bringing about a change in Yemeni University students' personality and enhance the aspiration of students for a more optimistic life.It is important to prepare list of the personality five major factors "Costa and McCrae" for the Yemeni environment.These factors are crucial in contemporary psychology in describing and measuring sound good personality in terms of the five dimensions: (neurticism, extraversion, and openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness).The applied importance of the study also lies in finding out whether there are differences in the five major factors of personality among the University students, owing to differing scientific and humanitarian majors and study level.

Objectives of the Study
To identify the most common five major factors of personality among Yemeni University' students."1) To know the statistical significance of the differences in the five major factors of personality among Yemeni University students based on the variables (gender, specialization, study level).
The Hypothesis of the Study 1) Neuroticism is the least common spreading of the five major factors of personality among Yemeni University students.
2) The average responses Yemeni University students on List of five major factors of personality ascribed to the gender variable (males, females) have no statistical significant differences.3) There are no statistically significant differences in the average responses of the Yemeni University students on List of the five major factors of personality ascribed to the specialization variable (Science -Humanity).4) On List of the five major actors of personality ascribed to level variable (first, Second, Third, Fourth), the Yemeni University students average responses have the no statistical significant differences.

The Population of the Study
The current study targets undergraduate students in twelve public Universities in the Republic of Yemen.Three public universities, namely Sana'a University, Aden University and Ibb University, were selected constituting 25% of public universities in a cluster random manner.Thus, the current research population is (21377) students of the three universities for the academic year 2020/2021 as shown in Table 1.As illustrated in the Table 1, it is observed that the number of students of the study population reached (21377) male and female students, distributed among the three Yemeni universities (Sana'a, Aden and Ibb), where the number of males reached (11913) male students.And the number of female (9464) female students.As for the specialization, the number in practical science majors was (7709) male and female students.In humanities, the number was (13668) male and female students.With regard to level of study, the number in the first level was (6615) male and female students.In the second level, it was (5947) male and female students, and as for the third level, the number was (4902) male and female students.In the fourth level there were (3913) male and female students.

The Sample of the Study
Having defined the study population, a stratified random sample was chosen with a percentage of (0.05) from the students of the three universities that were identified in the research community, & the following table shows the distribution of the research sample.
Table 2 shows the distribution of the study sample members by the gender, specialization, and educational level.
As illustrated in the Table 2, it is observed that the number of students of the study sample reached (1060) male and female students, distributed among the three Yemeni universities (Sana'a, Aden and Ibb), where the number of males reached (591) male students and the number of female (469) female students.As for the specialization, the number practical science majors was (381) male and female students.In humanities, the number was (679) male and female students.With regard to level of study, the number in the first level was (329) male and female students.In the second level, it was (295) male and female students, and as for the third level, the number was (243) male and female students.In the fourth level there were (193) male and female students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In the current study, the researcher used the descriptive approach, which means what exists in reality and tries to explain it.

The Operational Definitions Five Major Factors of Personality
McCrae & John define the "five major factors model of personality as one based on the notion that personality can be fully described through five basic factors: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness Each of these factors consists of a set of features."As for the procedural definition, it is the total score obtained by the student on each of the five major personality factors and the total score based on (Costa & McCrae, 1992) list which is followed in this study.

The Tool of the Study List of the Five Factors of the Personality
The list has been developed by (Costa & McCrae, 1992)

Codify of the List
The researcher has modified the wording of some phrases without any changes in the content in a manner that is commensurate with the Yemeni environment.
The list of the five factors in its initial form consists of the 60 statements distributed among the five factors (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, Agreeableness, the Conscientiousness).Each of the five factors contains 12 basic phrases.The degree of answer was distributed to the statement of the list in a Likert manner.In the positive items, the respondent gets 5 marks when he answer 'they apply to me with very high degree, 4 marks when he answers, they apply to me with high degree, 3 marks when he answers, they apply to me with moderate degree, two marks when he answers apply to me with a low degree and one mark when he answers does not apply to me at all.In the negative items, the scores are calculated in an inverse manner.The Table 3 shows the distribution of the statements of the five major factors of the personality.

Validation & Reliability of the Five Major Factors of Personality
The researcher distributed the questionnaire among 200 male and female students of the humanity and the scientific departments to ensure the validity and the reliability using the SPSS statistical as follows:

Validity of List
The researcher used two types of Validity, which are the Validity of the Referees and the Validity of internal consistency, as follows:

Validity of Referees
The researcher showed the list of the five major factors of personality to a group of professors with expertise & competence in psychology, mental health, measure-ment & psychological evaluation to share their opinion on the extent to which each paragraph of the list belongs to its own factor, as well as the validity of the paragraphs or its invalidity when applied to the Yemeni society.After receiving the list, the researcher considered the notes where all statements are the same with more than 90% so that resulted some manor changes in wording some phrases with preserving the content and its negative or positive direction.

Validity of Internal Consistency
The researcher has calculated the correlation coefficient between the degree of each Item and the total degree of the factor that consists of the list of the five major factors of personality as shown in the following Table 4.

Table 4:
The correlation coefficient between the degree of each Item and the Factor of the five major factor of personality.** = a statistically significant at the 0.01 level * = a statistically significant at the 0.05 level // = a non-statistically significant.

Factor of
The above Table 4 showed that all Items of the five major factors of personality list correlated & denotative with the total degree of the factor that it belongs at the level of significance (0.01), except for the Items (9, 13, 18, 24, 26, 44, 57), which were not Statistically significant .The researcher deleted the non-statistically significant al Items.Accordingly, it can be said that list of the five major factors of personality among Yemeni University students has a good constructive validity in view of the internal consistency.Table 5 shows the excluded and the final items in each factor of the list of the five major factors of personality.

Reliability
The researcher used two methods of finding Reliability, the Split half reliability and the Alpha-Cronbach method:

Split half reliability
The researcher calculated the reliability of list by using split-half-method through calculating the correlation coefficient between the total marks of the odd articles and the total marks of the even articles for each factor of the five major factors of the personality, Pearson correlation coefficient reached a value of (0.57), which is statistically significant.Then the (Spearman Brown) equation was used to modify the length of the test.It was found that the (Saberman-Brown) correlation coefficient of the test scored a value of (0.72) for the total score of the list, this means that the list is reliable, and while as shown in Table 6.As illustrated in Table 7, it is observed that Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the list as a whole was (0.65), while the values of alpha-Cronbach's Reliability coefficient for the factors ranged between (0.64 -0.74).It is noted that the most reliable factor is the fifth Factor (Conscientiousness), scoring a value of (0.74), Followed by the First factor (Neuroticism), with a reliable coefficient value of (0.73), followed by the second factor (Extraversion) with a reliable coefficient (0.67), and the two factors (openness to experience and Agreeableness) was the same value, scoring a reliability coefficient value of (0.64).These Cronbach's alpha coefficients are good and the acceptable indicators, supporting the idea that List of the five major factors of personality, among University students has good reliability.

Scoring Procedure for List of the Five Factors of the Personality
The list of the five major factors of personality in its final form included (53) items, including positive and negative ones.Its items were divided into five factors which are neurotic factor that includes items from (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), the extroversion factor that includes items from (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), the openness to experience factor that includes items from (21-31), the Agreeableness factor that includes items from (32-42) and the conscientiousness factor includes items from (43-53) and each items has five alternative answers.Each student must give only one answer for each items.There were five scales for correcting the list from (1:5) for positive items list and (5:1) for negative.Then the score of each items is calculated for the total degree of each student.After ensuring the validation and reliability of the five major factors of personality list, it becomes valid for application to the Yemeni environment.

Procedure of Data Collection
Having completed the procedural steps previously the reviewed, and having ensured study tools validity and reliability, a field visit official letter was issued by the college deanship to the researcher for visiting Yemeni universities to put the tools into application, the list of five major factors of the personality were applied on a sample of (1060) male and female students from public universities in the Republic of Yemen.The entire process was carried out by the researcher in order to clarify the purpose and importance of study, and to answer students' inquiries on the some scale-related items.Students were instructed that the data is confidential, and were asked to cooperate and answer all items fully and the honestly.Upon completion, scales were collected and reviewed to ensure that all items were answered, and all study variables represented in (gender, specialization, academic level) were noted.Interpretation and Discussion of Results Hypothesis No.1: "Neuroticism is the least common spreading of the five major factors of personality among Yemeni University students".To validate the hypothesis, the arithmetic mean score and relative weight of each of the five major personality factors were calculated as shown in Table 8.As shown in the above Table 8 and Fig. 1, it is noticed that conscientiousness factor was the most common spreading personality major factors among Yemeni University students.This result seems logical and is ascribed to the fact that ethical principles become the habits that are embodied in the behavior of the student during University study with the course of time.It can also be attributed to cultural factors, customs and traditions prevalent in the Yemeni environment where individuals tend to abide to ethics and values.The higher mean score of conscientiousness signifies selfsupport ability of doing things, efficiency, dedication, sense of responsibility, persistence and ambition.Such are the qualities of University students in their pursuit of knowledge in an attempt to the prove themselves worthy and achieve a higher level of material and social prosperity.Extraversion factor came second.This is ascribed to the fact that University students exhibit more social activity and energy and tend to go for excitement.This result is ascribed to the fact that universities environment provides an opportunity for social interaction, dealing with the universities life happenings and outer society issues as well.University students represent the real future leaders owing to the awareness, culture and chance for social interaction.The result can also be attributed to the age parameterlate adolescence of University students which prompts them to look for independence and self-discovery.In addition, the finding is linked with excellence of University students in open-mindedness in terms of their scientific thinking skills & efficient communication.In this regard Abu Hashem, (2010) asserts that extraversion involves favoring and dealing with social events, independency (autonomy), mental openness, activity and search for group.Al-Melaigi, (2001) highlights that role occupies the leading position in the theory of personality.He holds that the theory of personality consists of the different successive social roles played by the individual.The dimension of agreeableness ranked third among University students.This is because Yemeni University students participate actively more in social activities not only in campus but also outside in society and labor market.Even at an early age, Yemenis show more interest in social and political issues as a result of constant mingling with adults.This is enhanced further during University study years both practically and theoretically.As for the openness to the experience factor, it came in fourth order in terms of prevalence, which is evident in the imagination, aesthetic sensitivity, depth of feelings, behavioral flexibility, modern unconventional trends, new ideas and tolerance.The researcher attributes this to the challenges imposed by modern technology and the age of information, which push the student towards love of knowledge, inquiry and openness to ideas, information, feelings, values and all relevant issues.The results also indicate that the neuroticism factor was the least prevalent factor.This result is ascribed to the fact that Yemeni University students have reached an advanced stage of emotional and mental maturity, which is often due to patterns of thinking based on scientific bases, making students deal with different situations logically.The imposed social and the psychological pressures formed a kind of the positive challenge for students, motivating them to confront such challenges efficiently.The absence of this factor among Yemeni University students indicates that the students have a positive personality trait, reflecting their ability to face the surrounding situational challenges owing to the current war through the use of the positive adjustment techniques.Abu Jweih, (2002: 158), emphasizes that personality is affected by the general and shared experiences of individuals, which are experiences related to social and environmental factors that influence the personal formation of the individual.The present Research findings come in agreement with those of (Abado, 2013; Barrick & Mount, 1991) the present study concluded that the conscientiousness factor was the most common factor, followed by the extraversion factor.The findings of (Al-Mahmoud, 2013; AlSaati, 2012; Alwan, 2012; Al-Bayali, 2009) are in agreement with the finding that conscientiousness ranked first among the five major factors of personality.Hypothesis No. 2 "The average responses Yemeni University students on List of the Five major Factors of Personality ascribed to The gender variable (males, females) have no statistically significant differences.To verify the hypothesis's validity and find out the significance of the differences based on the gender variable, the Independent -samples t test was used.Table 9 illustrates this.As shown in Table 9, and Fig. 2 above, it is observed that there are statistically significant differences between the students mean scores in neuroticism factor with reference to` gender variable.The differences were in favor of females with an average and weight of (30.57), and a mean score of (28.22) in favor of males.There are no statistically significant differences between the students' mean scores with reference to each of the extraversion factor (t= 1.47), openness to experience (t=1.57),agreeableness (t=1.79), and conscientiousness (t= 0.03) attributed to gender variable.Such values are statistically insignificant.Based on the findings, it is clear that the mean scores of females are higher when compared to those of males with reference to neuroticism factor.This result can be explained in the light of the greater pressures that females are exposed to in the family and universities more than males, which makes females more anxious and consequently more neurotic.In addition, the finding can be attributed to the nature of the roles that women play and the ensuing frustration, distress and tension added to the nature of the prevailing culture in Arab societies, subjecting the girl to more control and dependence.Fayombo holds that neuroticism has a negative potential implication, which is the constant tendency to negative emotional experience and feelings of anxiety, a sense of guilt, and a state of depressed mood.He sees that females respond more to bad environmental stress.Normal situations are likely to be interpreted by females as threats and frustrations and are difficult.The female is often shy, unable to the assert herself, and having difficulty controlling her emotions.Neuroticism is associated with low emotional intelligence that the involves emotional regulation, motivation and interpersonal skills.Individuals with high neuroticism may show more emotional reactions when they face stressful and intense situations.It is evident that the females use strategies of avoidance, rejection, imbalanced thinking and self-criticism instead of adjustment to neurotic events (Fayombor, 2010  The five major factors of personality based on gender variable

Male
Female there were differences in the neuroticism factor attributed to the sex variable in favor of females.As for the absence of differences in the rest of the factors (extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness), the absence of differences in the terms of extra-version is explained in light of the subfeatures of the factor itself.Extraversion in its content indicates compatibility with external standards, familiarity and a desire for social participation and establishing normal and balanced relationships with others.Extraversion is associated with positive feelings of happiness and contentment.It is the act or habit of being mostly interested in obtaining gratification from outside the self that is defined as "a trait characterized by a keen interest in other individuals and external events and proceeds with confidence in the unknown (Judge et al., 2002).
The researcher also explains that there are no the differences in the factor of openness to experience, which may be due to the fact that university students in general are open to the experiences of others and thus tend to participate in taking the opinion & the other opinion and influencing and getting influenced by others.It can be said that students of both sexes have equal opportunities to express their opinions and ideas and take the appropriate way to solve the problems that may face them.As for agreeableness, there are no differences in this factor that it is related to positive variables in personality such as achievement, persistence, sense of responsibility and organization.Yet, Yemeni students in general are distinguished by interaction with others, friendliness, the cooperation, sympathy and humility, and they respect the feelings and habits of others.Besides, they are characterized by the confidence, integrity, submission, acceptance, humility & moderate opinion, and they tend to exert themselves in trying to the help and please others.
Regarding the absence of differences in the conscientiousness factor, the researcher explains that University students usually have a tendency to organize, effectiveness, confidence & self-discipline, and this can also be explained in light of the characteristics of the conscience alert factor in terms of commitment to duties, competence, ability, ability to self-support,   The absence of differences in all the five major factors of personality is attributed to the pressures & challenges of daily life that Yemeni university students face at all levels of study.Although it was compelling, students faced it with high psychological resilience and were able to adjust and adapt to it.The great similarity in the conditions of the social and economic environment in which Yemeni University students live played a fundamental role in shaping the traits of their main characters.The results of the current Research are in agreement with those of Gabr, (2012) in that there are no differences in the factors (neuroticismextravertsion -openness to the experience -conscientiousness) attributed to study level variable.In contrast with the current Research Shaqfa, (2011) concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the factors (extraversion -conscientiousness -openness to experience) attributed to the variable of study level.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
The research study aimed to explore the prevalence of the five major personality factors among Yemeni university students and examine potential differences based on gender, specialization, and level of study.The results revealed that conscientiousness was the most prevalent personality factor among the participants.Conversely, neuroticism was found to be the least prevalent.Additionally, the study found statis-tically significant differences between the males and females in the neuroticism factor, with females scoring higher.However, no significant differences were observed in the other personality factors (extra-version, conscientiousness, openness to the experience, agreeableness) among the participants.Similarly, no significant variations were identified in the personality factors based on specialization (scientific vs. humanitarian) or level of study (first, second, third, fourth).These findings shed light on the dominant personality traits among the Yemeni university students, with conscientiousness being the most prevalent.The differences observed between males and females in the neuroticism suggest potential gender variations in emotional stability.However, no significant disparities were found in the other personality factors, indicating a relatively consistent the personality profile among Yemeni students across different specializations and levels of study.These findings contribute to our understanding of the Yemeni university student population and provide insights into their personality characteristics.Further research can expand on these findings and explore the potential implications for academic performance, career choices, and overall well-being among the Yemeni students.Based on the findings of the current research, the researcher recommends the following: 1) A positive psychology should be adopted in all university disciplines in order to develop the positive aspects of students' personalities by the Ministry of Higher Education.2) Psychological and social support should be provided to Yemeni university students through specialized guidance and educational programs which may contribute to creating a balanced personality capable of adapting to stressful life conditions by the Ministry of Higher Education.3) Seminars and workshops should be held in Yemeni universities to the raise students' awareness of the importance of building a positive personality for a bright future for students because they will have the responsibility to build a new society through the universities.

Fig. 1 :
Fig. 1: illustrating mean score of personality five major factors spread among Yemeni University students.

Fig. 2 :
Fig. 2: Illustrating personality five major factors spread average among Yemeni University students with reference to gender variable.

Table 1 :
Displays Study population based on university, gender, level, and major.

Table 2 :
displays Study samples based on universities, gender, major, and student level.

Table 3 :
Distribution of the statements of the five major factors of personality.

Table 5 :
shows the deleted and final Items of the five major factors of personality.

Table 6 :
The Reliability Value list the five major factors of personality in split-half-method.
It is clear from Table6that the reliability coefficient by the split-half method is high, whether for the factors or for the total score of the list.Cronbach's Alpha Reliability The researcher calculated the reliability of scale by using Cronbach's alpha and the results are shown in Table7.

Table 7 :
the Reliability Value lists the five major factors of personality in Cronbach's alpha method.

Table 8 :
showing mean score and relative weight of personality five major factors spread.Relative weight is calculated by dividing the actual average by dimension overall score multiplied by 100).

Table 9 :
showing T Test Independent Samples results of personality five major factors differences with reference to gender variable.

Table 10 :
Showing the results of Independent-Samples T Test of personality five factors measurement differences based on specialization variable.Illustrating the prevalence of the five major factors of personality among Yemeni university students based on specialization variable.

Table 11 :
Shows the results of the "One-Way ANOVA" test for measuring personality five major factors differences based on educational level variable.

five major factors of personality based on specialization variable
Table 11 above, it is observed that there are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) among Yemeni university students on personality five major factors based on the variable of level of study with reference to all factors: neuroticism (f = 2.04), extraversion (2.06 = f), openness to experience (f = 0.69), agreeableness (f = 0.06), conscientiousness (f = 2.03).Statistically, such values are insignificant.