Terdoo Martins Iorhemba1, Aloysius Obinna Ikwuka2*, and David Ishaleku3
1College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria; 2College of Medicine and Health Sciences, American International University West Africa, Banjul, The Gambia; and 3Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
*Correspondence: aloysiussweet@yahoo.com (Ikwuka Aloysius Obinna, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, American International University West Africa, Banjul, The Gambia).
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ABSTRACT
Indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance of Salmonellatyphi (S. typhi) and the rapid spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains conferring resistance. This is in fact worrisome, threatening antibiotic therapy and placing a substantial clinical and financial burden on the healthcare system, patients, and their families. Aim of the research was to detect molecularly extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing S. typhi isolates in patients attending Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BhUTH), Jos, Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria. A total of 353 stool samples were collected from patients attending BhUTH and identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method, and the double disc synergy test (DDST) for phenotypic ESBL production. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and agarose gel-electrophoresis were done to detect the presence of ESBL genes. S. typhi prevalence was 37(10.4%). Antibiotics susceptibility profile showed the highest resistance to Augmentin and Ampicillin (100%) and less resistance to Nitrofurantoin (0%) and Cefuroxime (24.3%). The S. typhi isolates had CRX-AUG-AMP-AMX-STR-CH and CRX-AUG-AMP-AMX-STR as the most frequent resistant phenotypes (10.8%) with multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (73%). ESBL producing isolates were 5(13.5%). PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of blaCTX-M 2(40.0%), blaSHV 3(60.0%), and blaTEM 5(100.0%) on 857, 615, and 972 base pairs respectively. S. typhi isolates showed higher susceptibility to Nitrofurantoin and Cefuroxime. Prompt monitoring of antibiotic usage, resistance to antibiotics, and public health education are therefore necessary in order to reduce bacterial disease burden.
Keywords: Molecular detection, Salmonella typhi, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and Antibiotic resistance.
Citation: Iorhemba TM, Ikwuka AO, and Ishaleku D. (2024). Molecular detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing salmonella typhi isolates in patients attending a tertiary care hospital in north-central Nigeria. Am. J. Pure Appl. Sci., 6(3), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.024.0930106
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